The Arapaima

The arapaima, pirarucu, or paiche (genus Arapaima) is a genus of bony-tongues native to the Amazon and Essequibo basins of South America.

They are among the largest freshwater fish in the world, reaching lengths of as much as 4.5 m (15 ft).

In contrast, arapaima have been introduced to several tropical regions outside the native range (within South America and elsewhere) where they are sometimes considered invasive species. Arapaima can reach lengths of more than 2 m (6 ft 7 in), in some exceptional cases even more than 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) and over 100 kg (220 lb). The maximum recorded weight for the species is 200 kg (440 lb), while the longest recorded length was 4.52 m (15 ft). As one of the most sought-after food fish species in South America.

The arapaima is torpedo-shaped with large blackish-green scales and red markings. It is streamlined and sleek, with its dorsal and anal fin set back near its tail. Its local name, paiche, derives from the indigenous words for "red" and "fish.

Due to the geographic ranges arapaima inhabit, the animal's life cycle is greatly affected by the seasonal flooding. The arapaima lays its eggs during the months when the water levels are low or beginning to rise. They build a nest about 50 cm wide and 15 cm deep, usually in muddy-bottomed areas. As the water rises, the eggs hatch and the offspring have the flood season to prosper, during May to August. Therefore, the yearly spawning is regulated seasonally. The arapaima male is a mouthbrooder, like his relative, the Osteoglossum, meaning the young are protected in his mouth until they are older.

The female arapaima helps to protect the male and the young by circling them and fending off potential predators.

They are harpooned or caught in large nets, and the meat is said to be delicious.